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256MB Memory

30 GB Disk

Storage

Storage

Figure 8.1 Simplified Personal Computer Architecture

Input is obtained from the keyboard and mouse, output is sent to the screen, and the disk and memory are used for both input and output for storage. (Note: the directions of these arrows are very important to engineers, always pay attention to indicate where information is flowing.) This figure can be redrawn as in Figure 8.2 to clarify the role of

plc operation -8.2

inputs and outputs.

output circuits

inputs

input circuits

computer

outputs
Keyboard Input Chip
686 CPU Graphics card Monitor
Mouse Serial Input Chip
Digital output chip LED display

Disk Controller

Memory Chips

Disk

storage

Figure 8.2 An Input-Output Oriented Architecture

In this figure the data enters the left side through the inputs. (Note: most engineering diagrams have inputs on the left and outputs on the right.) It travels through buffering circuits before it enters the CPU. The CPU outputs data through other circuits. Memory and disks are used for storage of data that is not destined for output.

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