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They differ in the gas or vapor used, which is either mercury, or mercury with halide salts, or sodium, at different pressures. Most outdoor public way lighting installations today use high-pressure sodium lamps. Most older mercury vapor luminaires are being replaced with high-pressure sodium luminaires because of the energy savings. Metal-halide lamps may be used for recreational and protective lighting systems, because their superior color rendition outweighs their lower lamp life and lumen output. Low-pressure sodium lamps, though they have a greater lumen output, also have a monochromatic color rendition and a lower lamp life and are rarely used for outdoor lighting installations on military facilities. All lamps require ballasts for correct operation.

c. Fluorescent lamps. A fluorescent lamp utilizes a mercury vapor, but the inside of the bulb has a thin coating of phosphor which glows or fluoresces when struck by the electrons flowing through the mercury vapor. The amount of light emitted is less than for electric discharge lamps, and only a limited control is possible because of their tubular shape. They may be used for lighted roadway, traffic, or airfield indication signs. All lamps require ballasts for correct operation, and some types require separate starters to provide the heat necessary for the electron emission to start.

6-6. Luminaire components.

In addition to lamp or lamp/ballast combination, the components of a luminaire include its optical controls, its component support assembly, and possibly, circuit controls.

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