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Otherwise, a bored hole may be overlooked, opening the way for future internal decay. The plugs, made of doweling, may be obtained from most pole suppliers. Those pointed on one end are preferable but not required. They should be 3 or 4 inches (80 to 100 millimeters) long with a diameter 1/32 inch (0.8 millimeters) larger than the hole bored to provide a snug fit. The borer, an adequate supply of plugs, and a hammer should be kept together as a kit.

(3) Evaluating test borings. The extracted core should be carefully examined for wood integrity or evidence of decay, extent of any decay pocket, and the amount of original preservative in the wood. Decay will be evidenced by crumbly wood in part of the core. If a pole is badly decayed, a core may not be withdrawn intact. Borings may sometimes be

soft and moist, but not decayed, if preservative is present and the wood fibers are strong.

(a) Preservative appearance. In sound poles, the preservative will be plainly visible, especially if it is creosote. In good original treatment, it extends the depth of the sapwood (table 4-1 shows sapwood thickness). Some borings will show a heavy absorption of preservative, while in others it may appear in bands, giving the core a striped appearance. (Annual growth rings comprise hard dark summerwood and softer, sometimes spongy, springwood. 'Usually the summerwood absorbs more preservative in the timber species that are suitable for poles). In poles treated with pentachlorophenol (penta) solution, the oil carrier may not be visible, even though the penta itself is present in sufficient amount.

Cor» of bor»r, tor wood sample-

Bormr bit -

Figure 4-5.

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