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(c) Effect of sapwood thickness. Table 4-1 shows the average thickness of the sapwood in the timber species which are most often used for facility poles. It will be noted that the species with thin sapwood, which consequently receive a shallower penetration of preservative, generally have a more durable heartwood. However, long life in poles is more dependent upon effective preservative treat­ment. Since the thicker sapwood species are capable of a deeper treatment, they will often yield the long­est average life.

c. Groundline inspection. If the inspection of the above-ground portion of the pole indicates that re­placement is necessary, there is no need for below-ground inspection. However, if the above-ground portion is substantially intact or adequate for treat­ment in place, continue with the below-ground in­spection. Sampling procedures may be used if the poles can be grouped by species and class, age, and conditions of exposure to damage. Every third or fourth pole should be inspected below the ground line. Any unsatisfactory conditions found during sampling will indicate the need for inspecting more or all of the poles in the group. Use the following method for below-ground inspections:

(1) Excavation.

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