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a. Protective relays. Protective relays open the primary feed of constant-current regulators in case of an open circuit in the series lighting circuit.

b. Primary switches. A primary oil switch is usu­ally a single-pole, solenoid-operated oil switch. Air switches, provided as an integral part of dry-type constant-current transformers, are also avail­able.

c. Series plug cutouts. Cutouts are plug-type units used to disconnect a series light circuit or its constant current regulator. With the plug handle assembly removed and secured, maintenance per­sonnel are ensured of protection.

d. Film cutouts. Film cutouts or film disks oper­ate automatically and are inserted in older lamp sockets to bypass failed lamps. Some circuits that have more than one lamp on an insulating trans­former will use film cutouts to bypass a burned-out lamp and keep the other lamps supplied from that transformer operating. Because of their size and shape, they are sometimes referred to as "dimes." When current no longer flows because of lamp fail­ure or removal, full circuit voltage exists across the cutout film, which then ruptures, allowing the se­ries circuit to be completed. A new film cutout of proper rating must be used whenever a faulty lamp is replaced. It is good practice to replace the cutouts whenever lamps are replaced under a group re­placement program.

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